Using a TENS Machine in Childbirth
A TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) machine is a small, handheld, drug-free device that sends mild electrical pulses through electrodes placed on your lower back. Many women use it as a comfort option in labor: the pulses interrupt some of the discomfort signals reaching the brain and prompt the release of endorphins. You start it in early labor on a low setting and turn it up as contractions build, using the boost button at the peak of each one.
Having a baby is a huge life event. While you're preparing for labor and delivery, it's worth thinking about your comfort options. One you may not have considered is a TENS machine. Here's what to know about using TENS in childbirth.
What is a TENS machine and how does it work?
TENS stands for Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. TENS machines (or units) are small, handheld electronic devices, often used by physiotherapists or bought over the counter. They send mild electric impulses through electrodes attached to the skin. These impulses help interrupt some of the discomfort signals reaching the brain, while also prompting endorphin production, the body's own feel-good chemicals. TENS is used for chronic or short-term discomfort in muscles, nerves, and joints, and many women use it to help cope during childbirth.
The benefits of using a TENS machine in childbirth
The device produces electrical pulses that stimulate the nerves and can make contractions feel more manageable. By prompting endorphins, it can have a natural calming effect that helps with relaxation during contractions. Some studies have looked at whether it affects the spacing of contractions. Many women also say it gives them a greater sense of control during labor, and some choose it so they lean less on other options. It's drug-free, with no negative side effects on mother or baby when used correctly.
How to use a TENS machine during childbirth
The unit consists of a handheld controller and four electrodes placed on your lower back. Using it is simple:
- Make sure the unit is switched off before attaching the pads.
- Place four electrodes on the back: two on either side of the spine just below where a bra strap sits, and two lower down at the dimples of the lower back. Press them firmly to the skin.
- Switch the machine on. Start on the lowest setting and increase gradually as contractions get stronger.
- Most machines have a boost button to use at the peak of each contraction.
Always follow the manufacturer's instructions and talk to your healthcare professional first.
Advantages over other comfort options
TENS machines are non-intrusive and give you more control than many other options, since you adjust the intensity yourself. For people who want a non-invasive, drug-free approach, TENS is also inexpensive and reliable.
Disadvantages and who should avoid it
Used correctly, TENS is generally safe with no complications or side effects. However, it may not be right for you if you have a history of epilepsy, an irritable uterus, a history of early miscarriage, a previous termination, complications with the current pregnancy, a heart-rhythm problem, or a pacemaker. The key thing to remember: the aim of a TENS machine is to make contractions more manageable, not to remove the sensation entirely, and it does not shorten labor itself.
TENS should not replace other birth-prep techniques
It's worth preparing for labor ahead of time in other ways too, including:
- A birth preparation class (such as hypnobirthing)
- A thoughtful birth plan
- Practicing breathing techniques
- Prenatal yoga
- Perineal exercises
- Perineal massage (on your own or with a partner)
Do what is right for you
Once you've educated yourself, choose what's right for you, trust your instincts, and listen to your body. If you add a TENS machine to your maternity checklist, follow the instructions carefully and use it under the guidance of a medical professional.
Frequently asked questions
Does a TENS machine work for labor?
Many women find it a helpful comfort option, especially in early and active labor. Evidence is mixed, but it's drug-free and easy to control, so it's a popular choice to try.
Where do the TENS pads go?
Four electrodes on the lower back: two just below the bra line either side of the spine, and two lower at the dimples of the lower back. Never place them on your belly.
When should I start using a TENS machine in labor?
Most guidance suggests starting in early labor on a low setting, so you get used to the sensation before contractions intensify.
Who should not use a TENS machine?
Avoid it if you have epilepsy, a heart-rhythm problem or pacemaker, an irritable uterus, or certain pregnancy complications. Check with your provider first.
Can I use a TENS machine in water?
No. TENS can't be used in the bath, shower, or birthing pool.
As part of birth preparation, many midwives suggest perineal massage from week 34. The perineal massage tool from Perimom makes it easier to do on your own at home.
